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Barcelona Traction (originally called Barcelona Traction Light and Power Company and abbreviated BTLP) was a corporation that controlled light and power utilities in Spain and was incorporated in Toronto Canada on September 12 1911 by Frederick Stark Pearson. It was operated in Spain but was owned mostly by Belgians. The company was developed by American engineer Dannie Heineman. It was the subject of the important International Court of Justice (ICJ) case Belgium v.

* Barcelona Traction at 40: The ICJ as an Agent of Legal Development CHRISTIAN J. TAMS, ANTONIOS TZANAKOPOULOS p.1
Barcelona Traction rule in past litigation as being a correct statement of the current state of customary international law.2
the judgment of Barcelona Traction remains a nearly insurmountable barrier to foreign shareholders hoping to protect their investment based on general principles of international law.3
Barcelona Traction - Barcelona Traction 05/PICAP 908601 Barcelona Traction - Barcelona Traction Secret Oyster - Secret Oyster a.k.a.4
Barcelona Traction at 40: The ICJ as an Agent of Legal Development | Show Abstract Hide Abstract | Download | Leiden Journal of International Law, Vol.5
Barcelona Traction Case by recognizing that basic rights of human persons create obligations erga omnes.6
Barcelona Traction case, the Nuclear Tests cases, the Qatar-Bahrain case and the Sipadan and Ligitan case.7
Barcelona Traction was developed by an international electrical syndicate long headed by North Carolina-born Dannie Heineman, 79, a globetrotting engineer who has built electric and street car...8
Barcelona TractionBarcelona Traction Oliba / Edigsa * 3.67/5 3.9

Barcelona TractionBarcelona TractionBarcelona Traction was a corporation that controlled light and power utilities in Spain and was incorporated in Toronto, Canada on September 12, 1911 by Frederick 10
in Barcelona Traction, it is not completely accurate. The Court identified three limited exceptions to the general rule.11
In Barcelona Traction, Light and Power Company, at 33, the International Court of Justice held: "When a State admits into its territory foreign investments or 12
Lawrence Jahoon Lee, Barcelona Traction in the 21st Century: Revisiting its Customary and Policy Underpinnings 35 Years Later, 42 Stanford Journal of International Law 237 (2006) 13
Manage: from Barcelona Traction to ELSI’, in N. Ando et al (eds), Liber Amicorum Judge Shigeru Oda, (2002), 269-284. 16.14
Paparinskis, Barcelona Traction - A Friend of Investment Protection Law (2008) Baltic Yearbook of International Law 105 Paparinskis, Investment Arbitration and the Law of Countermeasures (2008) 79 15
shareholders in Barcelona Traction, had the legal standing to impugn the Spanish government’s actions.16
Treaties, and the ICJ's Barcelona Traction judgment of 5 February 1970, respectively), the concepts of obligations erga omnes and jus cogens norms continue to fascinate international lawyers.17
While the Court decided, in line with Barcelona Traction, that the exercise of diplomatic protection for violation of direct rights of shareholders was admissible, it did not accept the claim on behalf of 18

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